History & Civilization of Yoga

Prior to the development of Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was an ancient territory called Harappa, dated back in 7000 BCE. During that time, this region was predominantly based on farming and herding. This farming region was called 「Mehrgarth」. When this Harappa region started at its early stage of development in 3300 BCE, the early formation of Indus Valley Civilization started. This ancient civilization was located at the northwest part of modern India sharing part of modern Pakistan (Mohenjo-Daro). This ancient civilization was surrounded by lots of rivers like ancient China and ancient Egypt. When this Indus Valley Civilization entered into its mature phase of development in 2600BCE, major urban expansion stretched out beyond the original territory of Harappa into other regions like Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Ropar and Lothal. Major urban activities like metallurgical production of copper, lead and tin materials; trading business and shipping were in active development. On a religious aspect, people in the civilization had their local belief in Hindu deities such as Shiva and Rudra as well as the Gods of Animals. 

 

When it came into the late Harappan phase between (1900 BCE-1300BCE), the Indus Valley Civilization started to breakdown. Major factors of such disintegration were attributed to local cultural diversifications; famine and diseases like leprosy and tuberculosis; internal civil war and fighting as well as Indo-Argan invasion. While the invasion of Indo-Argan tribe into the Indus Valley Civilization territory, they brought in Vedic religion called Vedism or Brahmanism into the territory. 

 

在印度河流域文明（IndusValleyCivilization）發展之前,是一個名為哈拉帕（Harappan）的古老領土，其歷史可以追溯到西元前7000年。在那段時間里，這個地區主要以農業和畜牧業為基礎。這個農業區被稱為「Mehrgarth」。當這個哈拉帕地區在西元前3300年開始其早期發展階段時，印度河流域文明的早期形成開始了。這個古老的文明位於現代印度的西北部，共用現代巴基斯坦（Mohenjo-Daro）的一部分。當這個印度河流域文明在西元前2600年進入其成熟的發展階段時，主要的城市擴張超出了哈拉帕的原始領土，延伸到其他地區，如摩亨佐達羅（Mohenjo-Daro），多拉維拉（Dholavira），卡利邦甘（Kalibangan），拉希加里（Rakhigarhi），羅帕爾（Ropar）和洛塔爾（Lothal）。主要城市活動，如銅、鉛和錫材料的冶金生產；貿易業務和航運業正在積極發展。在宗教方面，文明中的人們在當地信仰印度教神靈，如濕婆和魯德拉以及動物之神。

 

當它進入哈拉帕晚期（西元前1900年至西元前1300年）時，印度河流域文明開始崩潰。造成這種解體的主要因素歸因於地方文化的多樣化。饑荒和麻風病和結核病等疾病；內部內戰和戰鬥以及印度-阿爾干入侵。當印度-阿爾幹部落入侵印度河流域文明領土時，他們帶來了吠陀宗教，稱為吠陀教或婆羅門教。